(USSR)

Notes: Introduced during the early 1950s, this long-serving ESM system equipped many Soviet submarine classes. The sensor had eight panels of four radar receivers each, plus an omnidirectional early-warning receiver on top of the set. Each was designed to receive a different frequency band.

The system works by determining which panel is receiving the strongest signal; obviously this leads to decreased accuracy he further away the emitter is. Emitters that are very close also tend to confuse the system. The display is a simple CRT, and there is no auto-classification feature. Coverage is 1-10GHz.

The photo above is from a “Foxtrot” class SS, the “Stop Light” antenna is in front of the “Quad Loop” RDF and “Snoop Tray” radar. The brick-shaped device on the left is a sacrificial zinc anode, which slows corrosion of the submarine’s hull.

Carried aboard: “November“ class SSN, “Zulu”, “Whiskey”, “Romeo”, “Foxtrot” class SS, “Golf” class SSB, “Hotel” class SSBN, “Echo” class SSGN, “India”, “Bravo” class SSA